Red Fort
Site Plan & Walking Guide
With a perimeter of more than 2 kilometer, the Red Fort spans a vast area dotted with more than a dozen noteworthy establishments. However, these are not evenly distributed, and much of the complex remains off-limits to visitors. This guide will help you navigate through the vast expanse.
Orientation
The Yamuna River lies to the east, while entry to the Red Fort is through its western gate, the Lahori Gate. You will exit through the same gate.
Zones & Key Structures
The fort's layout can be divided into 3 zones -
A: Approach
B: Hayat Baksh Bagh
C: Royal Chambers
Each zone has historically served a unique function inside the fort.
Approach (A)
Starting at the Lahori gate, this zone was historically accessible to the general public. It features several key structures that reflect the grandeur and daily life of the Mughal era.
A1 - Chatta Bazaar
A covered marketplace once lined with shops selling silks, jewelry, and other luxury goods. It offers a glimpse into the vibrant commercial life of the Mughal period.
A2 - Naubat Khana/Naqqar Khana or Drum House
This structure housed royal musicians who played ceremonial music to announce the arrival of important guests.
A3 - Diwan-i-Aam or the Hall of Public Audience
The emperor held court here to address the grievances of the common people. Its ornate architecture reflects the importance of justice in Mughal rule.
Hayat Baksh Bagh (B)
Starting at the bend of the path from the Diwan-i-Aam, this lush garden area was designed to be a serene retreat for the emperor. It features several notable structures that reflect Mughal elegance and architectural finesse.
B1 & B3 - Sawan & Bhadon pavilions
These twin pavilions were part of the fort’s elaborate water system, with cascading fountains and channels surrounding them. They provided a cool retreat during the hot summer months.
B2 - Zafar Mahal
A small yet elegant palace added by Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor. It stands as a poignant reminder of the empire's final days.
B4 - Shah Burj
Once a three-story royal tower, Shah Burj housed an intricate hydraulic system that controlled water circulation within the fort. Though rebuilt after damage in 1857, its vaulted bangla roof remains a notable architectural feature.
B5 - Hira Mahal
Built by Bahadur Shah Zafar, Hira Mahal is a modest yet elegant pavilion offering views of the Yamuna River. As one of the last additions to the fort, with reliefs but no inlay work, it reflects the fading grandeur of the Mughal era.
Royal Chambers
At the eastern edge of the fort, once overlooking the Yamuna River, lie the royal chambers — a series of structures accessible only to the emperor and his family. These buildings showcase the finest aspects of Mughal architecture, with intricate marble work, ornate carvings, and elaborate water systems
C1 - Mumtaz Mahal
Originally part of the imperial harem, this chamber is known for its delicate floral motifs and understated elegance. It used to house a museum showcasing Mughal artifacts which has now shifted.
C2 - Rang Mahal
Translating to "Palace of Colors," this grand hall was where the emperor's consorts resided. Its ceiling was once adorned with mirrored glass, reflecting the shimmering water channels below.
C3 - Khas Mahal
This was the emperor’s private residence, featuring separate rooms for sleeping, worship, and private audience. The beautifully carved marble screens allowed ventilation while ensuring privacy.
C4 - Diwan-i-Khas or the Hall of Private Audience
This ornate hall was where the emperor met with high-ranking officials and dignitaries. The famous Peacock Throne once stood here, symbolizing the power and splendor of the Mughal empire.
C5 - Hammam (Royal Bath) & Moti Masjid
The Hammam was a royal bath with marble floors and intricate heating systems for hot and cold water. Nearby stands the Moti Masjid, or "Pearl Mosque," a small, gleaming white marble structure built by Aurangzeb for private worship.
What about the rest?
The fort also houses former barracks that have been converted into museums.
The rest of the area is mostly empty, once home to the royal family's living quarters. With numerous concubines and many offspring known as Salatins (royal princes), this space once buzzed with life but now stands largely barren.
Walking Path
Here is our suggested route
Start your exploration at Chatta Bazaar, making your way to Drum House.
Next, proceed to Diwan-i-Aam.
Turn left towards the tranquil Hayat Baksh Bagh (consider returning here to relax or visit the barrack museums).
Walk to Shah Burj and return along the eastern edge.
Pass by the Royal Hammam and Moti Masjid.
Observe the Royal Chambers at your leisure.
Take time to visit any museums or enjoy the eateries. Conclude your visit by shopping at Chatta Chowk before exiting through Lahori Gate.
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