Historical Significance

The Qutub Minar plays a pivotal role in the story of Delhi's rise as a political and cultural center. While many visitors focus solely on the minaret, the larger Qutub Complex contains a wealth of 11th and 12th century monuments that speak of the impact of Delhi’s first Sultanate rulers.

What makes Qutub Minar an important site?

In the history of Delhi, the Qutub Minar marks the arrival of Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent and the beginning of Islamic rule. 

Until 1192, Delhi was under the control of Prithviraj Chauhan, a Hindu ruler, as the fortified city of "Qila Rai Pithora". The Chauhans, however, governed from Ajmer in Rajasthan.

In 1192, Muhammad of Ghor defeated Chauhan and appointed his general, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, as viceroy. Aibak and his successors established Delhi as a capital city - the first in the succession of eight capitals that Delhi would witness over the next seven centuries.

Who constructed the Qutub Minar and why?

Following the Ghurid conquest in 1192, Aibak began building the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, meaning "Might of Islam," intended as a congregational mosque. This mosque, also referred to as the "Dome of Islam" (if the original name was "Qubbat"), introduced classical Islamic architectural forms to India.

The mosque incorporated elements from existing Hindu and Jain temples, notably carved pillars and cladding, reflecting a fusion of architectural styles. Aibak completed the initial construction, and his successor, Shams ud-Din Iltutmish (1229-1236) and Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316), further expanded the complex. Drawing inspiration from their Ghurid heritage, they added a minaret, the Qutub Minar, at the southeastern corner of the mosque in 1199.  

Why is it called the Qutub Minar?

"Qutub" translates to "axis" or "pole," but the exact origin of the name remains uncertain. It's believed to be named either after Qutb-ud-din Aibak himself or Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, a revered 13th-century Sufi saint.

How tall is the Qutub Minar and what is it made of?

Constructed from red and buff sandstone and intricately carved with inscriptional bands, the Qutub Minar stands as India's tallest brick masonry tower, reaching a height of 72.5 meters. The tower comprises five storeys, with the fifth storey being a later addition by the Tughlaqs in the 15th century.

Can we enter and climb up the Qutub Minar?

The view would undoubtedly be fabulous, but unfortunately, entry inside the Qutub Minar has been prohibited since 1981. This decision was made after a tragic stampede caused multiple fatalities. Visitors can admire the minaret from the outside and explore the surrounding Qutub Complex, which houses many architectural wonders.

What else is there to see in the Complex?

Quwwat-ul Islam mosque

The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque features a spacious rectangular courtyard, surrounded by arcades with intricately carved pillars and a five-arched screen on the western wall. Notably, one can observe the defaced images of Hindu deities, a consequence of Islamic iconoclasm.

Iron Pillar

Within the mosque courtyard stands the remarkable Iron Pillar, a relic that predates the Qutub Minar with origins somewhat debated. Believed to have been brought by the Tomar rulers, it has remained unrusted for over 1,600 years, showcasing the exceptional metallurgical prowess of ancient India.

The Tomb of Iltutmish

The 13th-century Tomb of Iltutmish, located in the northwestern part of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, marks the initiation of royal tomb construction in India - a practice that continued through the Mughal era. The tomb's interior is richly adorned with inscriptions and geometric and arabesque patterns, reflecting Saracenic influences.

Alauddin Khilji’s contributions

During his reign from 1296 to 1311, Alauddin Khilji significantly expanded the Qutub Complex. He commissioned the Alai Darwaza, a grand ceremonial gateway south of the Qutub Minar, and a madrasa that also functions as his tomb.

To commemorate his military achievements, Khilji laid the foundation of the Alai Minar, a minaret intended to be twice the size of the Qutub Minar. However, his death stalled its completion, and only the unfinished first storey remains for visitors to see.

…and more

The complex also houses the Tomb of Imam Zamin and Smith’s Cupola, adding rich layers to its historical narrative. These structures offer visitors a glimpse into the impact of the Mughal and British eras on the Qutub Complex.

How much time do I need to explore the Complex?

Exploring the Complex thoroughly can take up to 3 hours, given the wealth of monuments inside. However, if you're short on time, we’ve compiled alternative routes for a quicker visit.

That said, the Qutub Complex is just one enclosed, ticketed area. The larger Mehrauli region is rich with historical landmarks that heritage enthusiasts should not miss:

Mehrauli Archaeological Park: 

Adjacent to the Qutub Minar, this vast park spans over 200 acres and contains more than 100 historical monuments, reflecting Delhi’s rich history from the Pre-Islamic to the British era.

Key Highlights:

• The Tomb of Balban (13th century) — believed to be the first monument in India with a true arch

• Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb — a beautiful 16th-century structure known for its intricate architecture

• Rajon ki Baoli — a well-preserved 16th-century stepwell (baoli) showcasing impressive craftsmanship

Why visit?

It’s a perfect spot for history enthusiasts and offers a serene, less crowded alternative to the Qutub Complex.

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Mehrauli Village: 

Referred to as Delhi’s “first” city, Mehrauli has been continuously inhabited for over 1,000 years. It is also home to the Dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, a revered Sufi saint, which continues to draw pilgrims.

Why visit?

With narrow, winding lanes filled with historical havelis, Sufi shrines, and marketplaces, Mehrauli reflects a blend of Mughal, British, and modern influences. It gives visitors a chance to experience the living history of Delhi.

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Yogmaya Temple: 

An ancient Hindu shrine, dedicated to Yogmaya, the sister of Lord Krishna, and believed to be one of those 27 temples destroyed to build the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque. Local tradition holds that it was constructed by the Pandavas during their exile, making it one of the oldest surviving temples in Delhi. 

Why visit?

The temple is renowned for Phool Walon Ki Sair (Procession of the Flower Sellers) - an annual flower festival celebrated in September that celebrates communal harmony between Hindus and Muslims. If you’re visiting post monsoon, it’s an event worth witnessing.

Directions ->

In conclusion, the Qutub Minar Complex transcends its role as a mere tourist attraction. Mehrauli is very much a living chronicle of Delhi's evolution. If you have the opportunity, delve into its depths; you won't be disappointed.

Important links: UNESCO's Qutub listing, More on Phool walon Ki Sair